Results of project

y. As expected, the design principles had many different roles but not as straightforward or overarching as was planned. In their outer f…

y. As expected, the design principles had many different roles but not as straightforward or overarching as was planned. In their outer form they were more resistant to big changes than was expected but they were elaborated and specified during the process. How theories change in design-based research is discussed on the basis of the analysis. Design principles are usually seen as providing a bridge between theory and practice, but the present case showed that also complementary, more concrete frameworks are needed for bridging theory to practical pedagogical or technical design solutions.

In the development of 21st century life skills, specific activity-based learning approaches could be helpful. This article describes the Tr…

In the development of 21st century life skills, specific activity-based learning approaches could be helpful. This article describes the Trialogical Learning Approach, considered from the point of view of its interpretation and evaluation by teachers across a range of pedagogical courses. The aim of the paper is to provide both a summary of reflections on current practices and recommendations for potential enhancements to the trialogical pedagogical application. After a description of the approach, we focus on the role of pedagogical scenarios in educational design and reflective practice and, specifically, the scenarios used by teachers involved in the European project KNORK who have implemented TLA in their courses. From the content analysis of 53 pedagogical scenarios we have derived that: a) teachers were competent in designing their course following the trialogical approach prescriptions, b) teachers believed that the approach had promoted professional, collaborative and digital skills, thus satisfying their initial expectations, and c) a better management of group work and evaluation has been identified as major element requiring improvement.